CHAPTER 8 Industry in India..

 For the latest updates, study materials, and important notifications, join our official Telegram channel:👉 https://t.me/+XfIr9Y4n_rFlNzc1

📘 For Telugu Content, Visit: 👉 https://manajournal.blogspot.com/

Prepare Smart. Crack UPSC/Groups Exams with Confidence!

Buy Best Geography Books Here 

👉 https://amzn.to/4tB89fG

👉 https://amzn.to/3Q7PLwe

Industry in India:

Industry in India plays a very important role in the country’s economic development. It helps in production of goods, employment generation, and overall growth of the nation.

Industries in India are broadly divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Among these, the manufacturing (secondary) sector is the backbone of industrial development

1. Iron and Steel Industry:

• Iron and Steel Industry is a basic industry of any country. The basic minerals needed for this industry are iron-ore, coking coals, manganese, limestone, dolomite and chromium.

• At present, there are 9 large-scale industries and 169 small scale industries in India. The major industries in the field of iron-ore are at Bhadravati, Bhilai, and Salem; in the field of coal, Kulti-Burnpur, Durgapur and Bokaro; the industries of Jamshedpur and Rourkela are situated in the middle region of both the resources.

• The only industry based on sea-port is located at Visakhapatnam. Since iron-ore and manganese were exported from this sea-port, both the raw materials were automatically available. The iron and steel industry developed here by importing coal from Australia since there was deficiency of coking coal in internal parts of India.

• The proposal is under-consideration to set up the iron and steel industry at Gopalpur on sea and Paradip in Odisha and Mangalore, Ratnagiri and Marmagao ports in the Western coasts.

• South Korean Pohang Steel Company (POSCO) is setting up an iron and steel plant with an annual production capacity of 12 million tonne, at Paradip (Odisha). Vizag Steel Ltd. is setting up a steel plant at Kalinganagar in Odisha and World’s largest steel company, Arcelor-Mittal decided to setup a steel plant to $90 million investment in Odisha.

---

2. Cotton Textile Industry:

• Its origin dates back to 1818 when the first cotton textile mill was started at Fort Gloster near Calcutta but the first modern cotton textile mill was established in Bombay in 1854 by local Parsi entrepreneurs with the name of Bombay Spinning & Weaving Company.

• At present, it is the largest industry of India and it provides largest number of employment after the Indian Railways.

---

• The largest number of the centres of cotton textile industry in India is situated at Coimbatore.

• China is the largest producer of cotton textile in the world.

3. Woollen Textile Industry:

• The first woollen textiles mill was set up in 1876 at Kanpur, because Kanpur was the principal depot for the British Indian Army.

• The woollen textiles industry in India is partly a cottage industry and partly a factory industry. The organized sector has three sub-sectors:
  (i) woollen (superior yarn for fabrics and hosiery);
  (ii) worsted (medium quality goods – blankets, tweeds, suitings etc.);
  (iii) shoddy (for blankets).

•  Punjab is the leading producer of wool in India whereas Australia is the largest producer and exporter of wool (Merino) in the world. 

---

Geographical Distribution:

• Most of the woollen textile mills are situated in Punjab with Dhariwal being the largest centre. The other centres are Amritsar and Ludhiana.

• The other important centres are Kanpur and Agra in Uttar Pradesh, Jaipur in Rajasthan, Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh, Jamnagar in Gujarat, Mumbai in Maharashtra, Bangalore in Karnataka and Srinagar in Kashmir.

• The animal grazers of Jammu & Kashmir such as Bakkarwals and Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh rear sheep and supply wool. So, Jammu & Kashmir is a large producer of handloom woollen goods.

• There are about 958 woollen units in the country, the majority of which are in the small scale sector.

• Central Wool Development Board (CWDB) is located in Jodhpur.

---

4. Silk Textiles Industry:

• This sector of the Indian industry got great patronage during the medieval period. The famous ‘Silk Route’ passed through India, and Indian silk found markets worldwide.

• India is the second largest producer of natural silk after China and is the only country producing all four varieties of natural silk, viz. Mulberry, Tasar (Tropical Tasar & Oak Tasar), Eri and Muga. Of which Golden Yellow Muga Silk is unique in India.

• Karnataka is the largest silk producer state of the country accounting for about 70% of the total production.

---

5. Jute Textiles Industry:

• Jute is obtained from the bark of the jute plant stem and it grows best in well drained sandy loam and requires warm and humid climate. It requires temperature more than 25°C and rainfall of more than 150 cm per annum.

• The fibre of jute is mainly cultivated in the Hugli river valley region because of the tropical and moist weather and the deltaic alluvial soil. This is also known as the Golden Fibre of Bengal.

• In 1855, the first factory of jute was established at Rishra near Calcutta. But due to partition of India, as 80% of the jute growing areas went to Bangladesh, while all the mills remained in India. This problem was overcome to a large extent by extending the area under the jute and mesta production.

• In the recent past, there has been slight dispersal of the industry to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh because of the increasing demand for gunny bags in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, due to rapid development of sugar and cement industry and because of availability of local fibres like mesta and Bimlipatam jute.

• Currently, India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute good production whereas it is second largest exporter of jute goods after Bangladesh.

6. Sugar Industry in India:

• Sugar industry is one of the largest agro-based industries in India. It is mainly based on sugarcane which is a tropical and subtropical crop.

• India is one of the largest producers of sugar in the world.

• The main raw material is sugarcane. It requires hot and humid climate, temperature between 20°C to 27°C and rainfall of about 75 to 150 cm. Fertile soil and irrigation are also important.

• It is a seasonal industry as it works mainly during the crushing season.

• This industry provides employment to a large number of people, especially in rural areas.

• It also produces by-products like molasses, bagasse and press mud

Disclaimer:

This content is prepared for educational and informational purposes only. The notes are simplified for better understanding and exam preparation (UPSC and State Exams). Readers are advised to refer to standard textbooks and official sources for detailed study