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Wednesday, March 11, 2026

chapter 5 (MCQS) soils of India ...

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Q1

Consider the following statements regarding Alluvial soils in India:

  1. They are formed mainly by the deposition of sediments carried by rivers such as the Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
  2. Khadar soils are relatively older alluvium and are less fertile than Bangar soils.
  3. Alluvial soils contain varying proportions of sand, silt and clay, depending upon the geomorphic conditions.
  4. They are generally rich in potash, lime and phosphoric acid but deficient in nitrogen and humus.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A


Q2

With reference to Black soils of India, consider the following statements:

  1. These soils are mainly formed due to the weathering of basaltic lava flows of the Deccan Trap region.
  2. The swelling and shrinking nature of these soils is attributed to the presence of Montmorillonite clay mineral.
  3. These soils are highly porous and therefore have low moisture retention capacity.
  4. They are particularly suitable for cotton cultivation due to their ability to retain moisture.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A


Q3

Which of the following factors contribute to the formation of Red soils in India?

  1. Weathering of crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks
  2. High concentration of iron oxide
  3. Humid climate with heavy rainfall
  4. Presence of ferromagnesium minerals

Select the correct answer:

A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A


Q4

Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils:

  1. These soils are formed due to intense leaching under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall.
  2. Laterite soils are generally rich in nitrogen and organic matter.
  3. They contain high concentrations of iron and aluminium oxides.
  4. Without fertilizers, they are generally less productive for agriculture.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A


Q5

The process of leaching, often associated with laterite soil formation, refers to:

A. Deposition of minerals from rivers
B. Removal of soluble minerals from soil by percolating water
C. Accumulation of salts due to evaporation
D. Chemical weathering caused by temperature changes

Answer: B


Q6

Consider the following characteristics of Mountain or Forest soils:

  1. They are usually immature soils due to the continuous process of erosion and deposition.
  2. They are rich in organic matter in areas of heavy rainfall.
  3. They are always alkaline in nature due to the presence of calcium carbonate.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A


Q7

Which of the following crops are commonly cultivated in mountain soils of India?

  1. Tea
  2. Coffee
  3. Spices
  4. Barley

Select the correct answer:

A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4 only

Answer: C


Q8

Consider the following statements regarding Arid and Desert soils:

  1. They contain a high percentage of sand and low organic matter.
  2. They often contain soluble salts due to high evaporation rates.
  3. These soils are generally dark black in colour due to organic carbon.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A


Q9

Saline and alkaline soils in India are often referred to by local names such as:

  1. Reh
  2. Kallar
  3. Usar

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 and 3 only

Answer: C


Q10

Consider the following statements regarding Peaty and Marshy soils:

  1. They are formed due to accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter in waterlogged conditions.
  2. They are usually rich in organic carbon but poor in phosphate and potash.
  3. These soils are highly productive for agriculture without any modification.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A


Q11

Which of the following are major causes of soil infertility?

  1. Continuous cropping without nutrient replenishment
  2. Excessive leaching in high rainfall regions
  3. Loss of humus and organic matter
  4. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers

Select the correct answer:

A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 2, 3 and 4
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1 and 3 only

Answer: B


Q12

The removal of the fertile upper layer of soil by wind or water is known as:

A. Soil erosion
B. Weathering
C. Soil salinization
D. Soil alkalization

Answer: A


Q13

Consider the following consequences of soil erosion:

  1. Reduction in agricultural productivity
  2. Siltation of rivers and reservoirs
  3. Increased frequency of floods
  4. Improvement in soil fertility

Which of the above are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A


Q14

Desertification refers to:

A. Formation of deserts due to volcanic activity
B. Conversion of fertile land into desert-like conditions
C. Accumulation of salts in coastal soils
D. Formation of sand dunes by wind action

Answer: B


Q15

Which of the following practices help in soil conservation?

  1. Contour ploughing
  2. Terrace farming
  3. Shelter belts
  4. Strip cropping

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: D


Q16

Contour ploughing helps in soil conservation mainly by:

A. Increasing soil moisture evaporation
B. Reducing the speed of surface runoff water
C. Increasing infiltration of groundwater only
D. Preventing salinity in soils

Answer: B


Q17

Terrace farming is most effective in:

A. Coastal plains
B. Flood plains
C. Hilly and mountainous regions
D. Desert regions

Answer: C


Q18

Shelter belts help control soil erosion primarily by:

A. Preventing waterlogging
B. Acting as barriers against strong winds
C. Increasing rainfall
D. Reducing soil acidity

Answer: B


Q19

Crop rotation helps soil conservation by:

  1. Restoring soil nutrients
  2. Breaking pest cycles
  3. Maintaining soil fertility

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 and 3 only

Answer: C


Q20

Which of the following is not a correct method of soil conservation?

A. Afforestation
B. Terrace farming
C. Strip cropping
D. Continuous monocropping

Answer: D

Q21

Consider the following statements regarding Shelter Belts used in soil conservation:

  1. Shelter belts consist of rows of trees and shrubs planted along the boundaries of agricultural fields.
  2. They are mainly used to reduce the velocity of strong winds and prevent wind erosion.
  3. Shelter belts are most effective in desert and semi-arid regions where wind erosion is dominant.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 only

Answer: C


Q22

Which of the following statements best explains the concept of Crop Rotation?

A. Growing the same crop repeatedly on the same land to maximize production.
B. Cultivating different crops in a fixed sequence on the same field to maintain soil fertility and control pests.
C. Leaving land fallow for several years to restore soil fertility.
D. Practicing mixed cropping to increase agricultural output.

Answer: B


Q23

Consider the following statements regarding Afforestation as a soil conservation method:

  1. Roots of trees bind soil particles together and reduce soil erosion.
  2. Forest cover reduces the direct impact of rainfall on the soil surface.
  3. Afforestation increases soil erosion because trees absorb soil nutrients.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: B


Q24

Check dams are constructed mainly for which of the following purposes?

  1. To slow down the flow of water in streams.
  2. To reduce soil erosion.
  3. To increase groundwater recharge.

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: D


Q25

Which of the following crops are commonly grown in Black soils due to their high moisture retention capacity?

  1. Cotton
  2. Sunflower
  3. Citrus fruits
  4. Coarse grains

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4 only

Answer: C


Q26

Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils:

  1. They are rich in iron and aluminium oxides.
  2. They are formed mainly in regions of heavy rainfall and high temperature.
  3. These soils are naturally very fertile and require no fertilizers for cultivation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A


Q27

Which of the following factors are responsible for the diversity of soils in India?

  1. Variation in climate
  2. Different types of parent rocks
  3. Diversity of landforms
  4. Vegetation cover

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: D


Q28

Which of the following statements about Humus are correct?

  1. Humus improves the structure of soil.
  2. It increases the soil’s ability to retain water.
  3. It provides essential nutrients to plants.

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: D


Q29

Improper irrigation practices may lead to which of the following problems?

  1. Waterlogging
  2. Salinization of soil
  3. Decline in soil fertility

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 only

Answer: C


Q30

Which of the following soils are generally rich in organic matter?

A. Alluvial soils
B. Peaty soils
C. Desert soils
D. Red soils

Answer: B


Q31

Consider the following statements regarding Soil erosion:

  1. It removes the nutrient-rich top layer of soil.
  2. It reduces agricultural productivity.
  3. It leads to siltation of rivers and reservoirs.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: D


Q32

Which of the following practices is NOT a method of soil conservation?

A. Terrace farming
B. Strip cropping
C. Shelter belts
D. Continuous monocropping

Answer: D


Q33

Which soil type is most suitable for plantation crops like coffee and cashew after proper fertilization?

A. Laterite soil
B. Desert soil
C. Peaty soil
D. Red soil

Answer: A


Q34

The red colour of Red soils is mainly due to the presence of:

A. Calcium carbonate
B. Iron oxide
C. Aluminium oxide
D. Magnesium carbonate

Answer: B


Q35

Which of the following factors mainly influence the process of soil formation?

  1. Climate
  2. Parent rock material
  3. Topography
  4. Time

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 1 and 4 only

Answer: C


Q36

Which soil type in India is most commonly associated with river floodplains?

A. Alluvial soil
B. Black soil
C. Red soil
D. Laterite soil

Answer: A


Q37

Which soil conservation technique involves ploughing along the natural contours of the land?

A. Terrace farming
B. Contour ploughing
C. Strip cropping
D. Shelter belts

Answer: B


Q38

The conversion of fertile land into barren desert-like conditions is known as:

A. Soil erosion
B. Desertification
C. Weathering
D. Soil salinity

Answer: B


Q39

Which soil type in India is also known locally as Regur soil?

A. Red soil
B. Alluvial soil
C. Black soil
D. Laterite soil

Answer: C


Q40

Which of the following statements best describes the process of leaching?

A. Accumulation of salts in the soil surface.
B. Removal of soluble minerals from soil by percolating water.
C. Deposition of sediments by rivers.
D. Weathering of rocks by temperature changes.

Answer: B

 

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